Wireless Networks and Concepts- Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Different antenna, such as yagi, horn, and celluar antennas, etc. has different merits. Research these technologies in details and pay specific attention to how they are used as well their strengths and weakness. 2.Compare and contrast the multiplexing techniques CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless networking? Answers: Introduction In the field of electronics the concept of the antenna is an electronic device whose main function is to convert the radio frequency into the alternating current and alternating current into radio frequency. Antenna is divided into two categories: transmitting antenna which converts the AC current and convert into radio frequency and other one is receiving antennas which convert the radio frequency into the AC current. The radio frequency and the AC currents are basically the information stored in form of data (Song, Nuaymi Lagrange, 2016). The data is converted into the radio frequency so that it can be transferred to the large distances and in all directions. If there is certain information and it has to be transferred to the larger distances and in all the direction the radio waves are used. Radio waves are the basically an electromagnetic wave whose wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum is greater than infrared lights. They operate in the range of the frequencies 300 Giga H ertz to 3 Kilo Hertz with the corresponding wavelength of the range 1 millimeter to 100 kilometers (Abdulhamid, 2017). Thus the wavelength of the 100 km means that the information can be extended to 100 kilometers with the powerful antenna thus the radio waves are crucial for communication. The first antenna was built in the year 1888 by the scientist Heinrich Hertz. Today the application of the antenna is used in various fields for which there are different types of the antenna. To design a antenna there are basic components which has to be kept in the mind while desgining the antenna (Li et al., 2016).. They are: 1.Antenna gain: the antenna gain determines how effective the antenna in its radial pattern. Aperture: it the outer round geometrical shape of the antenna (Jariyatantiwait Yen, 2016).The apprture is responsible for the how effective the antenna is receiving and fosending the information. Bandwidth: the bandwidth is basically the range of the frequencies on which the antenna can effectively sends and receives the information Yagi, Horn and celluar antennas are the some of the antenna used for different purposes. Yagi-Uda arrayor yagi antenna is directional antenna it is used for the communication for the frequency which is over 10 mega hertz. The components of the antenna are reflector, single or multiple directors and single driven element. Yagi antenna has the minimum impedence level and it can lower the signal strength because of this antennas gain. The horn antenna is another type of the antenna which is used for receiving and sending the microwave signals. The microwave signals band are very suitable for the wireless communication and it also has a large bandwidth. The application of the horn antenna is in the dish antenna. The size of the horn is very crucial for sending and receiving the signals. Horn antenna as dipole antenna can minimize the loss of the energy around the edges of the reflector moreover it also minimize the unwanted signals (Dahiya Gill, 2016). The advantage of the horn antenna has the application in the traffic signals to measure the speed of the vehicles. Over all the antennas for the medium distance communication the digital TV antennas have huge applications in the future because it provides the HD picture and HDTV for the digital TV. They have better broadcasting power and supports various channels. For the long range antenna cellular antenna is the better option. 2.Compare and contrast CDMA and FDMA in the area of wireless networking The infrastructure and the design of the FDMA (Frequency division multiple access) is separated into multiple frequency small bands or the sub frequency bands. The FDMA terminals have the frequency of its own. The signals of the FDMA technology is generated through the filer process in the frequency domain. Therefore the main advantage of using FDMA is that it is simple and easy to install and easy to configure then the other devices. The main disadvantages of using FDMA is the frequency range present in the FDMA is not enough and adequate and the frequency are also rigid in nature (Kitsos, 2016). The other features of the FDMA is that it can be easily be combined with the TDMA, SDMA for the better usage of the FDMA. CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access which is one of the major radio systems which is used in al cell phones. The infrastructure and the design of CDMA is through the expanding of the spectrum by applying the orthogonal codes. The terminals of the CDMA can be made active all at once. The signal is generated in the CDMA is through the specially desgines codes and receivers. The advantage of using CDMA is that it is easily adaptable in nature and can be easily installed with less planning. The disadvantage of using CDMA as the users of the CDMA increases the quality of the service decreases and it get self jammed. References Abdulhamid, M. F. (2017). Comparative analysis of distributed power control algorithms in CDMA.Radioelectronics and Communications Systems,60(6), 263-271. Brown, L. V., Zhao, K., Halas, N. J., Nordlander, P. J. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,372,151. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Dahiya, M., Gill, S. (2016). Secured Bluetooth Authentication Using Artificial Neural Networks.IJRCCT,5(5), 244-248. Jariyatantiwait, C., Yen, G. G. (2016). 5 by 5 Microstrip Antenna Array Design by Multiobjective Differential Evolution based on Fuzzy Performance Feedback.International Journal of Swarm Intelligence Research (IJSIR),7(4), 1-22. Kitsos, P. (Ed.). (2016).Security in RFID and sensor networks. CRC Press. Li, L., Li, J., He, B., Zhang, S., Zhang, A. (2016). A Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bandwidth Enhancement.Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters,61, 85-89.